C++ programming language part- 70 More abuot Integer Input and Output

C++ programming language part- 70 More abuot Integer Input and Output

  November 06, 2017    bappi ashraf

---

More abuot  Integer Input and Output

In the program 47_3, write() function has used. Here, &p is the address of the variable. The (char*) is a type cast. The type cast is required because the first parameter to both read() and write() function is a character pointer. So the address of the object has to be type cast to a character pointer. The process is  int a; char b[5]; b=(char*) &a; the other is int=a,b; b=sizeof(a); 

Think about the following program

Program 47_9

            //inherit.demo

            #include

            #include

                        class customer             //class defined

            {

              char cname[21];

              int no_people;

              char ccat;

              float fcost;

              char cstart_date[9];

          public:

              void data_in()

               {

               cout<<"Type name \t";

               cin>>cname;

               cout<<" Type number of people \t";

               cin>>no_people;

               cout<<"Type catagory(N/S) \t";     // Normal or Special

               cin>>ccat;

               cout<<"Type the cost \t";

               cin>>fcost;

               cout<<"Type start date \t";

           cin>>cstart_date;

               }

              void data_out()

               {

               cout<<"name is= "<

               cout<<"No of people are = "<

   cout<<"catagory is = "<

               cout<<"cost is = "<

               cout<<"start date is = "<

               }

             };

             class custfile

               {

               customer c1;

               public:

               void data_in()

           {

               char creply;

               fstream fil("custfile.dat",ios::out); //ios::app

               do

               {

               c1.data_in();

               fil.write((char*)&c1,sizeof(c1));    //The (char*) is a type cast, The &c1 is address

               cout<<"wish to continue ";

               cin>>creply;

               }

              while (creply=='y');

              }

              void data_out()

          {

              char creply;

              fstream fil("custfile.dat",ios::in); //ios::app

              fil.read((char*)&c1,sizeof(c1));

              while (fil)

              {

              c1.data_out();

              fil.read((char*)&c1,sizeof(c1));

              }

          }

              };

              void main()

              {

               custfile cf1;

               cf1.data_in();

               cf1.data_out();

              }

part: 01 Programming Language

part: 02 Compiler

part: 03 Programming Logic

part: 04 Data Type

part: 05 Programming in C++

part: 06 Data Type

part: 07 Get Input from keyboard

part: 08 Operators

part: 09 Arithmetic AssignmentOperators

part: 10 Identifies of Characters

part: 11 do.. while loop

part: 12 unary operators( Incrementand decrement) 

part: 13 Decrement

part: 14 for loop

part: 16 Conditional/ternary Operator

part: 17 Break

part: 18 The continue statementforces the next iteration of the loop to take  place.

part: 19 Arrays

part: 20 Array Address

part: 21 Arrays and Pointer

part: 22 Two dimensional array

part: 23 Function

part: 24 Function Argument

part: 25 Calling Function

part: 26 Return Values

part: 27 Over Loading Function

part: 29 More about function andothers

part: 30 Passing arrays to function

part: 31 Dynamic memory allocation

part: 32 Library function

part: 33 User define mathematicalfunction (square)

part: 34 I/O Function

part: 35 Boolean Functions

part: 36 Look here's two differentuser define Boolean Functions

part: 37 Function Scope

part: 38 String 

part: 39 String I/O

part: 40 Some dafault member function

part: 41 Standard String-Handlingfunction

part: 42 String Array

part: 43 User defined data type

part: 45 Data Storage Type

part: 46 Sratic storage type

part: 47 Extern storage type

part: 48 Classes and Objects

part: 49 Scope Resolution Operator

part: 50 Constructor

part: 51 Destructor

part: 52 Inheritance

part: 53 Overriding Base ClassMembers

part: 54 Scope Resolution with OverriddenMembers

part: 55 Base Class Initialization

part: 56 Multiple Inheritance

part: 57 Protected base ClassInheritance

part- 58 Ambiguity of MultipleClasses

part- 59 Virtual Base Class

part- 60 More about Constructor andDestructor

part- 61 Virtual Function andpolymorphism

part- 62 Virtual function withdynamic polymorphism

part- 63 Streams

part- 64 File Input and Output withabstract data types

part- 65 Writing and Readingcharacter using binary functions

part- 66 The get() function

part- 67 String Input

part- 68 Integer Input and Output

part- 69 File Pointers

part- 70 More abuot  Integer Input and Output

part- 71 Exercise:

part- 72 Operator overloading

part- 73 Look here is a program witha class and overload the ==,>,< and += operators

part- 74 Linked List

part- 75 Representing a Node

part- 76 Inserting  and Traversing a Node

part- 77 Deleting a  Node

part- 78 More about Linked List

part- 79 Programming Logic andTechnique

part- 81 Programming Logic and Technique:

part- 82 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 83 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 84 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 85 Programming Logic and Technique:

Part- 86 assign the content of twostring

part: 01 Programming Language

part: 02 Compiler

part: 03 Programming Logic

part: 04 Data Type

part: 05 Programming in C++

part: 06 Data Type

part: 07 Get Input from keyboard

part: 08 Operators

part: 09 Arithmetic AssignmentOperators

part: 10 Identifies of Characters

part: 11 do.. while loop

part: 12 unary operators( Incrementand decrement) 

part: 13 Decrement

part: 14 for loop

part: 16 Conditional/ternary Operator

part: 17 Break

part: 18 The continue statementforces the next iteration of the loop to take  place.

part: 19 Arrays

part: 20 Array Address

part: 21 Arrays and Pointer

part: 22 Two dimensional array

part: 23 Function

part: 24 Function Argument

part: 25 Calling Function

part: 26 Return Values

part: 27 Over Loading Function

part: 29 More about function andothers

part: 30 Passing arrays to function

part: 31 Dynamic memory allocation

part: 32 Library function

part: 33 User define mathematicalfunction (square)

part: 34 I/O Function

part: 35 Boolean Functions

part: 36 Look here's two differentuser define Boolean Functions

part: 37 Function Scope

part: 38 String 

part: 39 String I/O

part: 40 Some dafault member function

part: 41 Standard String-Handlingfunction

part: 42 String Array

part: 43 User defined data type

part: 45 Data Storage Type

part: 46 Sratic storage type

part: 47 Extern storage type

part: 48 Classes and Objects

part: 49 Scope Resolution Operator

part: 50 Constructor

part: 51 Destructor

part: 52 Inheritance

part: 53 Overriding Base ClassMembers

part: 54 Scope Resolution with OverriddenMembers

part: 55 Base Class Initialization

part: 56 Multiple Inheritance

part: 57 Protected base ClassInheritance

part- 58 Ambiguity of MultipleClasses

part- 59 Virtual Base Class

part- 60 More about Constructor andDestructor

part- 61 Virtual Function andpolymorphism

part- 62 Virtual function withdynamic polymorphism

part- 63 Streams

part- 64 File Input and Output withabstract data types

part- 65 Writing and Readingcharacter using binary functions

part- 66 The get() function

part- 67 String Input

part- 68 Integer Input and Output

part- 69 File Pointers

part- 70 More abuot  Integer Input and Output

part- 71 Exercise:

part- 72 Operator overloading

part- 73 Look here is a program witha class and overload the ==,>,< and += operators

part- 74 Linked List

part- 75 Representing a Node

part- 76 Inserting  and Traversing a Node

part- 77 Deleting a  Node

part- 78 More about Linked List

part- 79 Programming Logic andTechnique

part- 81 Programming Logic and Technique:

part- 82 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 83 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 84 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 85 Programming Logic and Technique:

Part- 86 assign the content of twostring

জ্ঞানকোষ প্রকাশনী

৩৮/২-ক, বাংলাবাজার (২য় তলা), ঢাকা।

       ফোনঃ ৭১১৮৪৪৩, ৮১১২৪৪১, ৮৬২৩২৫১.         

                                                     

কলকাতায় পরিবেশক/প্রাপ্তিস্থান

রিতা ইন্টারন্যাশনাল

৩৬, পি.এন. ব্যানার্জি রোড, কলকাতা

ফোনঃ ২৫১৩৮৩৫৯, ৯৮৩০৪৩৯৬৭৯, +৯১৯৮৩০৪৩৯৬৭৯

Online : www.rokomari.com

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C++ programming language part- 71 Exercise:

C++ programming language part- 71 Exercise:

  November 06, 2017    bappi ashraf

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Exercise:

Program 47_10

Look here's a programming code with main() function which is display the menu, the options are: 1: Query  2:Accept    3: Display  and  4: Exit. Modify the class and member functions. the member data will be * customer Name, * Number of people, * Package Category, * cost, and tour start date.

 void main()

             {

             char choice;

             customer c1;

             do

             {

             cout<<"\n 1: Query  2:Accept    3: Display   4: Exit ";

             cout<<"\n\n Type choice: ";

             cin>>choice;

             if(choice=='1')

             {

            fstream fill("customer.txt",ios::in); //ios::app

                        int pos,n;

                        cout<

                        cin>>n;

                        pos=(sizeof(customer))*(n-1);

                        fill.seekg(pos,ios::beg);

                        fill.read((char*)&c1,sizeof(c1));  //type cast

                        c1.display ();

                        fill.close();  }

             else if(choice=='2')

             {

                        fstream fill("customer.txt",ios::app);

                        c1.accept();

                        fill.write((char*)&c1, sizeof(c1));  // type cast

                        fill.close();

             }

             else if(choice=='3')

             {

                        fstream fill("customer.txt",ios::in);

                        fill.read((char*)&c1,sizeof(c1));

                        while(fill)

                                    {

                                    c1.display();

                                    fill.read((char*)&c1,sizeof(c1));

                                    }

                        fill.close();

                        }

             }while(choice!='4');

             }

part: 01 Programming Language

part: 02 Compiler

part: 03 Programming Logic

part: 04 Data Type

part: 05 Programming in C++

part: 06 Data Type

part: 07 Get Input from keyboard

part: 08 Operators

part: 09 Arithmetic AssignmentOperators

part: 10 Identifies of Characters

part: 11 do.. while loop

part: 12 unary operators( Incrementand decrement) 

part: 13 Decrement

part: 14 for loop

part: 16 Conditional/ternary Operator

part: 17 Break

part: 18 The continue statementforces the next iteration of the loop to take  place.

part: 19 Arrays

part: 20 Array Address

part: 21 Arrays and Pointer

part: 22 Two dimensional array

part: 23 Function

part: 24 Function Argument

part: 25 Calling Function

part: 26 Return Values

part: 27 Over Loading Function

part: 29 More about function andothers

part: 30 Passing arrays to function

part: 31 Dynamic memory allocation

part: 32 Library function

part: 33 User define mathematicalfunction (square)

part: 34 I/O Function

part: 35 Boolean Functions

part: 36 Look here's two differentuser define Boolean Functions

part: 37 Function Scope

part: 38 String 

part: 39 String I/O

part: 40 Some dafault member function

part: 41 Standard String-Handlingfunction

part: 42 String Array

part: 43 User defined data type

part: 45 Data Storage Type

part: 46 Sratic storage type

part: 47 Extern storage type

part: 48 Classes and Objects

part: 49 Scope Resolution Operator

part: 50 Constructor

part: 51 Destructor

part: 52 Inheritance

part: 53 Overriding Base ClassMembers

part: 54 Scope Resolution with OverriddenMembers

part: 55 Base Class Initialization

part: 56 Multiple Inheritance

part: 57 Protected base ClassInheritance

part- 58 Ambiguity of MultipleClasses

part- 59 Virtual Base Class

part- 60 More about Constructor andDestructor

part- 61 Virtual Function andpolymorphism

part- 62 Virtual function withdynamic polymorphism

part- 63 Streams

part- 64 File Input and Output withabstract data types

part- 65 Writing and Readingcharacter using binary functions

part- 66 The get() function

part- 67 String Input

part- 68 Integer Input and Output

part- 69 File Pointers

part- 70 More abuot  Integer Input and Output

part- 71 Exercise:

part- 72 Operator overloading

part- 73 Look here is a program witha class and overload the ==,>,< and += operators

part- 74 Linked List

part- 75 Representing a Node

part- 76 Inserting  and Traversing a Node

part- 77 Deleting a  Node

part- 78 More about Linked List

part- 79 Programming Logic andTechnique

part- 81 Programming Logic and Technique:

part- 82 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 83 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 84 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 85 Programming Logic and Technique:

Part- 86 assign the content of twostring

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C++ programming language part- 72 Operator overloading

C++ programming language part- 72 Operator overloading

  November 06, 2017    bappi ashraf

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Operator overloading

This session deals with overloading of operators to make Abstract Data Types (ADTs) more natural and closer to fundamental data types. To make a user defined data type as natural as a fundamental data type, the user-defined data type must be associated with the appropriate set of operators. The fundamental data types with the operator +, -, /, and *, make the ADTs.

In the following statement

object3=object1+object2;  two object of the class named fps_distance are added and result is stored in the third object. The + operator used to add integers behaves differently when applied to the ADT fps_distance. Operator overloading refers to giving additional meaning to the normal C++ operators when they are applied to ADTs. An operator can be overloaded by defining a function for it.The function for the operator is declared using the operator  keyword. for example, if the ==operator is to be overloaded in the fps_distance class, the declaration for the operator function is shown as :

int fps_distance::operator==(fps_distance);

The function definition for the ++operator is

int operator==(fps_distance &Fps2)

{

    float fTemp1=iFeet*12+fInch;

    float fTemp2=Fps2.iFeet+Fps2.fInch;

    return ((fTemp1==fTemp2)? 1:0);

}

Program 49_1

            //operatot overloading.demo

//file output

            class fps_distance

            {private:

                        int feet;

                        float inch;

               

               public:

                        fps_distance(int ft,float in)

                        { feet=ft;

                           inch=in;  }

              void operator++(void)

                        {  feet++;  }

              void disp_dist(void)

                        { cout<<"The Distance= "<

              };

              void main()

              {  fps_distance Fps(10,10);

                  ++Fps;

                  Fps.disp_dist();  }  //display 11

The following program overloads the binary operator.

Program 49_2

            //operatot overloading.demo

        //file output

            class fps_distance

            {   private:

                 char str[20];

                  public:

                        fps_distance(char st[20]);

                        fps_distance();

                        void operator+=(fps_distance &);

                        fps_distance operator+(fps_distance &);

                        void display(void);

            };

            fps_distance::fps_distance(char st[20])

                        { strcpy(str,st);  }

            fps_distance::fps_distance()

                        { strcpy(str,"nova");}

            void fps_distance::operator+=(fps_distance &Fps2)

            {    (strcat (str,Fps2.str));                                  }

            fps_distance fps_distance::operator+(fps_distance &Fps2)

                        {  char st[20];

                            strcpy(st,str);

                            strcat(st,Fps2.str);

                            return(fps_distance(st));  }

            void fps_distance::display(void)

                        {  cout<<"\nstring is  "<

            void main()

            { fps_distance W1("NOVA"),W2("nova"),W3("Dhaka");

               W1.display();

               W1=W2+W3;

               W1.display();  }

part: 01 Programming Language

part: 02 Compiler

part: 03 Programming Logic

part: 04 Data Type

part: 05 Programming in C++

part: 06 Data Type

part: 07 Get Input from keyboard

part: 08 Operators

part: 09 Arithmetic AssignmentOperators

part: 10 Identifies of Characters

part: 11 do.. while loop

part: 12 unary operators( Incrementand decrement) 

part: 13 Decrement

part: 14 for loop

part: 16 Conditional/ternary Operator

part: 17 Break

part: 18 The continue statementforces the next iteration of the loop to take  place.

part: 19 Arrays

part: 20 Array Address

part: 21 Arrays and Pointer

part: 22 Two dimensional array

part: 23 Function

part: 24 Function Argument

part: 25 Calling Function

part: 26 Return Values

part: 27 Over Loading Function

part: 29 More about function andothers

part: 30 Passing arrays to function

part: 31 Dynamic memory allocation

part: 32 Library function

part: 33 User define mathematicalfunction (square)

part: 34 I/O Function

part: 35 Boolean Functions

part: 36 Look here's two differentuser define Boolean Functions

part: 37 Function Scope

part: 38 String 

part: 39 String I/O

part: 40 Some dafault member function

part: 41 Standard String-Handlingfunction

part: 42 String Array

part: 43 User defined data type

part: 45 Data Storage Type

part: 46 Sratic storage type

part: 47 Extern storage type

part: 48 Classes and Objects

part: 49 Scope Resolution Operator

part: 50 Constructor

part: 51 Destructor

part: 52 Inheritance

part: 53 Overriding Base ClassMembers

part: 54 Scope Resolution with OverriddenMembers

part: 55 Base Class Initialization

part: 56 Multiple Inheritance

part: 57 Protected base ClassInheritance

part- 58 Ambiguity of MultipleClasses

part- 59 Virtual Base Class

part- 60 More about Constructor andDestructor

part- 61 Virtual Function andpolymorphism

part- 62 Virtual function withdynamic polymorphism

part- 63 Streams

part- 64 File Input and Output withabstract data types

part- 65 Writing and Readingcharacter using binary functions

part- 66 The get() function

part- 67 String Input

part- 68 Integer Input and Output

part- 69 File Pointers

part- 70 More abuot  Integer Input and Output

part- 71 Exercise:

part- 72 Operator overloading

part- 73 Look here is a program witha class and overload the ==,>,< and += operators

part- 74 Linked List

part- 75 Representing a Node

part- 76 Inserting  and Traversing a Node

part- 77 Deleting a  Node

part- 78 More about Linked List

part- 79 Programming Logic andTechnique

part- 81 Programming Logic and Technique:

part- 82 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 83 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 84 Programming Logic andTechnique:

part- 85 Programming Logic and Technique:

Part- 86 assign the content of twostring

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